The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is a vital regulatory agency in the United States responsible for overseeing and enforcing federal securities laws. Established in 1934 in response to the Great Depression, the SEC plays a crucial role in maintaining fair, orderly, and efficient markets while protecting investors. The SEC's primary mission is to regulate and supervise securities markets, ensuring transparency, integrity, and investor protection. It achieves this by enforcing laws that require companies to disclose accurate and timely information about their financial status, operations, and other material matters. Additionally, the SEC regulates securities exchanges, brokers, investment advisors, and other market participants to prevent fraud, manipulation, and insider trading. Through its enforcement actions, the SEC holds individuals and entities accountable for violations of securities laws, imposing penalties and sanctions when necessary. The agency also conducts investigations, examines securities firms, and provides guidance and assistance to market participants and investors. Overall, the SEC plays a critical role in maintaining investor confidence and promoting the stability and integrity of the U.S. securities markets, contributing to the overall health and prosperity of the economy.